九星霸体诀
林思宏 32634万字 54610人读过 连载
穿越昔日日本（江户东京建筑园）1993年，在东京都立小金井公园内开园的江户东京建筑园是一座户外型博物馆。建筑园占地约7公顷，园中排列着从江户时代到昭和初期的29栋复原建筑物，按年份排列，也就是从1652年到1942年期间的建筑。许多历史建筑物难以在建造的当地保存，却又有着极高的文化价值，建筑园的使命就是将这些历史建筑物按原样移建，并在此基础上进行保存和展示。建筑园是模仿东京都的地形而设计的。东区是商人和手艺人居住的平民区；中心区域是江户时期武士及明治时代以后（1868年～）官员及实业家等人的居住区；西区则再现了田园式的农户居住的武藏野高地。在这种独具匠心设计的园内，不同建筑保持着各自固有的环境氛围，所以在建筑园里散步，不由得产生一种时光倒流的感觉。在茅草屋顶的民宅里，每天都有志愿者在地炉里生火，这样做一方面是用烟熏防止茅草生虫，另一方面使得建筑园的来客追忆起当时的农家生活。当迈入东区平民区，一种奇妙的观光气氛便会大幅增加。之所以产生这种感觉，是因为这里有着明治时代的石造警察局建筑和街灯等物品，还有在商店的货架上摆放着仿制明治时代的商品，这不仅仅是建筑物的再现，也是将当时的生活情景进行再现。这正是江户东京建筑园的一大特征。(摘自網絡)公園內深秋的景色公園內建筑([]
最新章节： 第521章 武僧一龙特朗普变身灭霸 （ 2024-05-17 07:44:01）
更新时间： 2024-05-17 08:16:21
- 第1章 迈巴赫
- 第2章 传世之爱
- 第3章 QQ可显示对方电量订单藏无声呼救
- 第4章 邓莎生二胎
- 第5章 白石麻衣将毕业
- 第6章 三国杀
- 第7章 QQ可显示对方电量订单藏无声呼救
- 第8章 植物大战僵尸
- 第9章 王源
- 第10章 汪涵曾弄丢儿子
- 第11章 沉睡魔咒2
- 第12章 非诚勿扰火影忍者
- 第13章 脸书被曝新漏洞
- 第14章 阴阳师
- 第15章 三国杀
- 第16章 赖冠霖斥私生
- 第17章 中学禁止学生网购美军航母逼近伊朗
- 第18章 巴勒斯坦
- 第19章 What If Love
- 第20章 杨紫
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 36517 章节
- 第549章 美科学家穿越时空
- 第550章 全职高手2
- 第551章 武炼巅峰
- 第552章 特朗普变身灭霸
- 第553章 郑爽孟晚舟案或将终结
- 第554章 赵丽颖
- 第555章 万古神帝
- 第556章 苏州十全街塌陷
- 第557章 镇魂街
- 第558章 魔兽世界奔驰
- 第559章 冒险岛特斯拉
- 第560章 超级飞侠
- 第561章 苏州十全街塌陷
- 第562章 Collateral Love
- 第563章 造化之王
- 第564章 武动乾坤
- 第565章 火线精英
- 第566章 徐子珊退出娱乐圈
- 第567章 李铁上任
- 第568章 王一博等赵丽颖
国产剧情毛豆传媒
郭美娟《最后的藏地：甘青川大环线》 序2007年，随着一篇帖子误打误撞地进入了川西的藏区后，在接下去的几年，藏地，就像魔咒般地吸引着我。我和我的兄弟，因此，有了藏地五年计划。今年，是我们行游藏地的第五年，也是藏地五年计划的最后一年。五年来，我们很幸运，也很执著：07年，我们第一次来到了藏区。我们惊艳于新都桥的光影和八美的柔情；而穿越四姑娘让我们第一次有了驴的感觉。08年，贡嘎的壮美、剪子弯的高原草甸、外星球般的海子山、仙乃日的威严、雨崩的神秘和一妻多夫以及雨崩小学的张老师和十个小时的的梅里穿越，更给我烙下了深刻的印象。09年，我们终于走了川藏南线。跨过金沙江，真正来到了西藏。来古冰川、米堆冰川、嘎瓦龙雪山和天池。。。无不让我深深怀念！10年，21天，我们完成了阿里大环线的穿越。珠峰的夕照和普兰的宁静；玛旁雍措的深邃和拉昴措的诡异；古格的神秘和东嘎皮央遗址的凄凉；扎达的壮观和天堂般的文布；色林措的欢乐和仓姑寺的详和；以及一路相伴的藏野驴、藏羚羊、差点因高发下撤而割袍断义的兄弟和我的队友组成了我10年最美好的回忆。2011年，藏地五年计划的最后一年，我们走进了甘青川。。。 目录一、序二、出发前的纠结三、穿越夹金山四、西索民居和土司官寨五、关于马尔康的阿来和其它六、太阳河峡谷劳作的藏族小孩七、邂逅马尔康看花节八、色达：经幡扬起的是一颗宁静的心九、年龙寺：探访闭关修行的年龙上师仁波切十、班玛：天葬台、江日堂寺和非诚勿拢的刘婷婷十一、白玉寺：拜访著名的传奇人物----“年宝玉则的观鸟喇嘛”扎西桑俄十二、年宝玉则：僧人的笑容十三、放花无语对玛卿----穿越阿尼玛卿纪实十四、玛多：黄河之水天上来十五、走向共和十六、青海湖：不要问我从哪里来十七、大美祈连：卓尔山十八、阿柔大寺：最帅气喇嘛和可爱的藏民十九、门源：一片金色向着党 二十、西宁--合作：多民族聚集的和谐走廊二十一、扎尕那：遗世独立的非著名山峰 二十二、郎木寺：天葬台的诱惑二十三、红原：千回百转的黄河第一湾二十四、汶川：不能忘却的纪念二十五、结束语 二、出发前的纠结是甘川青还是川青甘？这是个问。时间进入到五月，10年同行阿里的队友开始活跃起来。西湖和本色不断邀约加入他们甘川青的队伍；我也开始谋划我的11年行程，但皆因种种不确定性没有允诺队友。首先是兄弟的不确定性，达华云里雾里，不置可否；另外一个刚加盟的小兄弟（耗子）想玩回大环线自驾；而我自己确定不了具体出发的时间。再者，今年，我必须得去色达。而西湖本色的队伍走的是甘-川-青，他们放弃了色达。而放弃色达是我不能容忍的。就这样，和原来阿里的队友失之交臂，以致于11年的行程只有风景，没有了风情；只有色彩，没有了精彩；只有英雄，没有了故事。五千公里的旷野，只有三个年近不惑的孤独的男人在自我装酷却无人欣赏。。。苏说，他就像旷野里的那只藏原羊一样孤独，只好不断地把白屁股炫耀以期待少许的目光。七月初，达华正式告知将携妻儿自驾；汶川突至暴雨和泥石流交通中断；而我家阁楼露台上的紫藤却突然枯萎。。。这无疑不是出发前的好兆头。耗子在暴雨、泥石流和枯萎的紫藤以及我们的七嘴八舌下终于决定放弃自驾。至此，我们终于决定七月初从成都出发。后来得知，本色当上了队长，拉起了原来阿里的队伍，过起了万花丛中一点绿的滋润日子；茗禅冒充强驴骗取信任穿越了贡嘎，留给我们的是嫉妒和羡慕；达华最终携妻带子自驾弃我们而去。。。七月，阿里英雄终于各自在路上。 三、穿越夹金山夹金山，并不是我们计划中的行程。汶川线的暴雨和泥石流让我们被迫放弃了原来的线路，我们只能绕道夹金山。夹金山，是一座英雄的山。夹金山位于四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州小金县南部，与著名的四姑娘山风景区毗邻，距成都250公里。夹金山也是当年中国工农红军一方面军万里长征与红四方面胜利会师的地方。夹金山从此载入中国革命历史的光荣史。2011年的7月，是红色的7月。我们的行程就从这红色的夹金山开始了。夹金山垭口 红军达维会师1935年6月，中国工农红军第一方面军翻越夹金山与红四方面军在四川省阿坝州小金县达维乡正式会师。如今，达维会师已成为一处重温红色记忆的旅游景点。70年后，这里也成了一个旅游胜地。这里，也是世界第一只大熊猫的科学发现地，尽管我们没有发现大熊猫。 傍晚的夹金山沐浴在夕阳中。夏日的夹金山却犹如沐浴在秋色之中，傍晚时分的一缕夕阳打在藏居上。当年的红军，也许无暇这样的风景。 四、西索民居和土司官寨傍晚，我们终于抵达马尔康郊外的西索民居和卓克基土司官寨。西索民居卓克基土司官寨西索民居独具嘉绒藏族特色，保持了嘉绒先民“垒石为室”的传统建筑风格，寨子鳞次栉比、错落有致，远目望去犹如一座壁垒森严的古堡。整个民居从远处鸟瞰，便会惊奇地发现西索藏寨酷似藏族八宝图案中的“花依”图案(状如“中华结”，代表释伽牟尼的心)，寨子中直来竖往、弯来拐去的青石板小道，把图案的线条展现的非常清晰。 藏寨全是三层石楼，底层饲养牲畜，第二层是厨房和住宿，三层是经堂和客房。民居建筑形如碉状，也称碉楼。房屋四周的墙体均用片石砌成,用黄泥粘合。墙体厚达1米,采用内直外收的砌法, 工匠们仅凭经验，砌出的石墙如刀切豆腐般整齐，棱角锐利，上窄下宽，整个墙体处于抗压状态,成为建筑的承重主体。加之内部木结构横梁的互相支撑拉合,整个建筑下大上小、重心向内、稳定性强。到最高处，碉楼四角顺势形成角锋，造成一种气势，最高处的石墙边缘加厚，避免墙表的平面化，增强立体感。房顶一分为二，前半部分为平顶，三面砌成矮墙；后半部分形成斜山式，覆盖石板或瓦。每层楼的窗户都外小内大，窗框很讲究，用上了雕刻、绘画、上彩等技巧，民族特色很浓。这种碉楼不仅冬暖夏凉，而且建筑艺术独特，审美价值高，就像一件件珍贵的艺术品。卓克基土司官寨位于距马尔康县城7公里的卓克基镇西索村。官寨依山而建，坐北朝南，被国际友人赞誉为“东方建筑史上的一颗明珠”。官寨始建于1918年清朝乾隆年间，为四层碉房，1936年毁于大火，1938年----1940年，土司索观赢组织人力进行重建。1935年7月，毛泽东同志及中央机关长征途中曾在官寨住宿一周。1988年，卓克基官寨被国务院列为第三批国家重点文物保护单位。卓克基土司官寨有着重要的历史文化以及丰富的旅游资源。 五、关于马尔康的阿来和其它值得说一句的是，马尔康是著名藏族作家阿来的家乡。阿来：1959年出生于马尔康，毕业于马尔康师范学校。2009年3月，阿来当选为四川省作协主席，现兼任中国作协副主席。从1994年《尘埃落定》写出至1998年出版其间，阿来由阿坝州一家杂志转辗到四川成都《科幻世界》由编辑到总编辑社长，《科幻世界》在阿来手里由一本杂志变为五六种，成为世界上发行量最大的科幻类杂志。数百万读者期待读到阿来新作。来之前，我不知道，马尔康就是阿来的家乡。在西索民居时，我的司机师傅轻轻说了一句：这就是阿来居住过的地方，小说《尘埃落定》的故事就发生在这里。轻描淡写的一句话，却触动了我的内心。阿来是我喜欢的一位作家。《尘埃落定》就是他的代表作，曾获得第五届茅盾文学奖。我喜欢的倒不是他的《尘埃落定》，而是他对西藏土地深沉的爱和对西藏发展自己独立的见解。虽然，我没看过他写的《格萨尔王》，但我欣赏他写《格萨尔王》的勇气和毅力。我有一本阿来的文集《看见》。在文中，阿来说：看哪，落定的尘埃又微微泛起，山间的大路上，细小的石英沙尘在阳光下闪烁出耀眼的光芒，在茫茫宇宙中漂浮不定。唉，一路都是落不定的尘埃！写完《格萨尔王》后，阿来说：王啊，今天我要把你的故事还给你，我要走出你的故事了。这是一个小说家的宿命，从一个故事向另一个故事漂泊。当一些所谓的有识之士忧虑于青藏铁路的建设时，阿来所说的话让我赞叹，他不同流和盲从于“有识之士”。阿来说：如果说，这条铁路的建成，对建设者是一个胜利，而对这条铁路经过的高原，对这条铁路所冲击的古老文化，对当地政府和老百姓，这到底是一个天降的福音，还是一个巨大的考验，全赖于面临这样一个新的机遇的人们有没有准备好去迎接挑战。我讨厌于一些看法。诸如，西藏的高原上架设高压线破坏景观；西藏的腹地通公路影响生态；西藏铁路和机场的建设是对环境和西藏文化的破坏。。。诸如此类，等等等等。当我们手拿IPAD，喝着咖啡，畅游在信息高速公路上时，我们有什么权力让西藏人民永远手持转筒匍匐着转经呢？五年了，当我周游在藏地时，更多看到的只是游客们猎奇的眼光和浅薄的认识，他们讨厌藏民用手机、讨厌藏民开着摩托车放牧；他们希望的西藏永远是原始、原始、再原始；他们希望把西藏割裂于现代文明之外。。。古老和现代的冲突是一个永恒的话。我崇拜甚至是膜拜西藏悠久的文化和宗教，但我也不排斥他们对现代文明和现代化的选择，我相信，这不是西藏人民的“被选择”。只是，在这种选择之前，正如阿来所说的，“全赖于面临这样一个新的机遇的人们有没有准备好去迎接挑战”。我想，在现代化、现代文明和西藏古老的历史、文化、宗教冲突中，我们不要做非此即彼的选择，我们所要关注的是，如何去寻找冲突间的结合点，以期待让西藏古老文化和宗教在现代文明前更加熠熠生辉，以期待西藏的环境在现代化面前妥善地予以保护。这才是真正考验政府和百姓的智慧。感谢阿来，祝福西藏。 六、太阳河峡谷劳作的藏族小孩这一天，除了色达五明佛学院让我震撼之外，就是这在田间劳作的藏族小孩的眼睛和笑容。 从清晨的马尔康醒来，昨晚的灯火辉煌已遗留在睡梦中。马尔康县城位于山谷之间，海拔并不高，只有2700米。县城规划整齐，湍急的索磨河穿城而过。清晨的马尔康夜幕下的马尔康霓虹闪烁，光影迷离。 在藏语里，马尔康的意思就是灯火旺盛的地方，据说此命名来至一位得道高僧。在藏地，这样的高僧往往又是伟大的预言家。今天，预言再次成真。我们沿着大渡河的上游---太阳河峡谷前行。山涧，雾气升腾。大渡河咆哮东去，雨后的太阳河峡谷清新诡异。晨雾中的藏居很是抢眼，早起的藏民已走向田间地头。 藏居、碉楼、高压塔。虽然，高压电线塔很不应景，但我希望大家更多的是看到它给西藏人民带来的光明而给以包容。有一种风景，她遗世独立。有一种力量，她坚如磐石。 有一种行走，叫做虔诚。也有一种行走，叫做造作。中午，我们来到了壤塘县大伊里村。这一路，最吸引我们的就是藏式民居。 这一带的藏式民居三楼均以柳条编制而成，上宽下窄，俨然穿上铠甲的将士。 就在这样的环境里日出而作，繁衍生息。大伊里乡其实是个重点扶持的富裕乡。对口帮扶让他们过上了现代生活。在这红色的七月，需常怀感恩之心。大伊里乡瓜果青翠，花香四溢。([]
王雨纯湿身捆绑在床上图片
黄彦绮1、两年一梦转加拉 2013年3月28日到4月5日，经过近两年的酝酿和筹备，西藏林芝转加拉朝圣之旅终于圆满完成。 转加拉，两年一梦。 在中国最美丽的春天，看那娇艳的桃花，在尘世中简单而努力地绽放。徒步世界最大的峡谷，观那雅鲁藏布江翡翠般的迷人项链百折不挠地生生不息。瞻中国最美丽的雪山，云雾朦胧中感动于南迦巴瓦圣洁的女神安详沉睡。访天脉神湖娜拉错，长途跋涉的艰辛只为换来看你一眼，天地一体洁白别样的风情不负两年的梦绕魂牵。穿行于莽莽林海雪原，在虚幻的童话世界里惊喜地感受真实。 两年一梦，转加拉！ 晚至八一，大醉！ 欢迎加入“老史的驴友们”QQ群：9183788. （本图片摄影：五月的麦子） 2、感谢有你！ 在全体队友齐心协力下，转加拉朝圣之旅安全、顺利、圆满完成。感谢所有队友的辛勤付出。 在尽情感受领悟、慢慢回忆品味那一幅幅美景的同时，你还记不记得那一路上一幕幕尽情的欢笑？ 2013，清明，西藏林芝，转加拉朝圣。感谢天！感谢地！感谢有你！ 人生如旅途，祝所有的朋友一生平安！ 3、 行程安排 3月28日，拉萨--工布江达县。 3月29日，工布江达县--嘎拉村--派镇。 3月30日，派镇--吞白村--索松村。徒步，扎营。 3月31日，索松村--达林村--赤白村。徒步，农家。 4月1日，赤白村--加拉村。徒步，扎营。 4月2日，加拉村--直白村。徒步，扎营。 4月3日，直白村--格嘎村--南迦巴瓦大本营。徒步，扎营。 4月4日，南迦巴瓦大本营--松林口--娜拉错--松林口。徒步，扎营。 4月5日，松林口--派镇--八一。酒店。 4月6日，八一--拉萨。酒店。 4、这是一条有着浓郁文化底蕴的线路 据传，莲花生大师在西藏传授佛法时，颇受阻折，同时他也预知了未来世界之乱。于是，莲华生大士依循着大悲的因缘，为了保存佛法，在东、南、西、北及中藏地区埋下了108处伏藏。这些很多教法、佛像、法药埋在不同的领域里——有的在瀑流，有的在山岩，有的在虚空，甚至有的在圣者的甚深禅定之中。 加拉一带，相传是莲花生修行和传教的重点地域之一。古茹洞、阎罗宫、洞不弄等圣地也成为信教群众的朝圣点。 长久以来，经历代掘藏师及高僧开发，加上信教群众的风尘仆仆的脚步，逐渐形成了转加拉朝圣路。 5、这是一条有着壮美自然景观的徒步线路。 海拔7782米的南迦巴瓦2005年被《中国国家地理》评为中国最美的雪山。在本徒步线路中，会有多个不错的观测点；世界最大的雅鲁藏布江大峡谷奔腾不息。在本徒步线路中，会有5天的时间近距离感受她的呼吸。两江汇流、直白小拐弯等自然景观亦值得期待。 6、这是一条追寻内心平静禅定之路 在川滇藏，各种“错”星罗棋布。但在南迦巴瓦的怀抱里，有那么一个“错”独居深闺，人迹罕至。这就是天脉神湖娜拉错。清明假期间的娜拉错冰清玉洁的样子，会给你的内心怎样的平静和震憾？ 7、爱她，和她在林芝看桃花 三月的林芝，桃花朵朵开。 雪山下，雅江边。田间，村头。山脚下，半山腰。一株株古老的桃树正绽放着芬芳。林芝的桃花，清闲淡雅而不妖艳，自有一种自然脱俗的韵味在枝头。 与雪山为伴，与雅江为友，与青稞低语，与白云相依。林芝的桃花，在山色空濛中，为西藏的江南春色，增添了磅礴而细密的一笔。 爱她，和她在林芝看桃花！ 8、3月28日，成都飞往拉萨途中。 3月28日，成都飞往拉萨的航班晚点半小时后起飞。此前，通过自助值机选择了一个左侧靠窗的座位。 天气真好，连绵的雪山如在眼前。鸟瞰的感觉很棒。人生就是这样，也像一只鸟儿，只有飞到一定的高度，才能更清楚地看清脚下和远方的路。虽然那样可能更累。 真的到了那个时候，你会不会因为有了更高的目，而继续迷茫甚至苦恼？ 9、生命的痕迹 苍穹如洗。远处，一架飞机滑过，在天空中留下了一道印迹。然后，消失。 雅安地震发生了，带走了数百人的生命，为无数的人留下了身体与心灵上的创伤。关于自然，关于人类，关于生命，关于生活的本真与意义，又涌上脑头。人的生命，短暂而脆弱。在谋生的同时，在尽义务的同时，我们是不是也应该考虑，怎么才让这短暂的生命更有意义。 10、南迦巴瓦的影子 这条线路，实际上是“转加拉朝圣”与“徒步南迦巴瓦大本营”两条线路的结合体。看南迦巴瓦，当然是行程中的一个重点内容。 在从成都飞往拉萨的空中，我一直盯着舷窗外面看，试图从空中看到南迦巴瓦穿过云层的伟岸身姿。 11、神奇的冰湖 冰湖舷窗下，一“汪”冰雪之湖出现在眼前。白白的、纯净得如同一杯酸奶，安静地躺在大山的怀抱里。从形状上看，这好像是人工修筑的一个水坝，四周光滑平整。在这样的海拔高度，不知这个冰雪之湖覆着多么厚的冰雪。 没有人能走近她。在这个神奇的世界上，她兀自静立。 12、美丽的贡嘎河谷 经过两个多小时的飞行，飞机抵达贡嘎机场的上空。 美丽的贡嘎河谷蜿蜒曲折。河水绿中泛蓝，蓝中含绿，在荒瘠的山间，却分割构勒出一副美丽奇妙的画卷。 原始而荒凉的美似乎更能震撼人们柔软的内心。我们往往迷恋于这种美丽。 但在美丽的背后，却是隐忧。冬春季节，河水回落，河床裸露部分极易成为扬尘和浮尘的发源地。致使贡嘎机场上空能见度降低，威胁着贡嘎机场的安全。特别是冬春季节，大风扬沙天气出现的可能性更大。所幸，扬沙天气影响的航班，主要是下午起降的航班，对早晨（上午）起降的航班，影响较小。所以，不管你是进藏还是出藏，还是选择上午的航班更踏实些。 13、告诉我，你怎样去生活 宠物在争分夺秒地学习。吉祥在打酱油。 河童从重庆中转来西藏。杯具的是，她急急忙忙提前就赶到了机场，航班却取消了！ “我的航班取消了！怎么办？”看着河童发来的短信，我似乎看到了她两眼涌出的喷泉般的泪。马上回了一条：“我们没时间等你了，你改成重庆几日游吧！” 根据原订计划，先期抵达拉萨的一凡提前准备好气罐等相应物资，然后直接和包车司机师傅到机场接我们，然后直接赶往派镇。 很明显，计划又要再一次重新调整。 这次行程，我把计划A调整成计划B，把计划B调整成计划C，把计划C调整成计划D。最后，从终点又回到了起点。 原来通报一凡我们9点半到达贡嘎机场。上飞机后短信通知他，飞机晚点半个小时。只要上过小学的人，不用列算式，应该也能算出我们到达贡嘎机场的时间。 不知道一凡在仓姑寺喝甜茶，还是借喝甜茶的幌子看美女。这厮居然计划中午12点来贡嘎机场。 生活就是这样，如果你无力改变它，那就转变一下思路，干脆好好地享受吧。 于是，我们无奈地，在贡嘎机场享受品味了把休闲时光。 14、贡嘎机场，等待队友的休闲时光 生活总在不经意处让你有所收获。 如果不是闲得实在实在实在太无聊，我都不知道机场的小推车坐起来居然可以那么舒服。 15、小景亦有大美 盼望着，盼望着，政委和司机终于来了。河童下午三点才能到达贡嘎机场。这么长的时间，总不能只在机场的广场上晒太阳。在机场附近随便找了个地方，品尝了下既难吃又昂贵的午餐后，我们让司机随便拉我们去个地方看风景。 沿着公路走了一段，路边的一段小河沟引起了我们的注意。天真蓝，云真美，普通的这么一个小河沟，居然也可以这么美。 如果是在内地，这样的小河沟，我猜环保局长真不一定敢下去游泳。 16、著名摄影师麦子在创作 这次转加拉朝圣，是和麦子第一次一起出行。以前只是在论坛上和群里见她发照片。时间久了，对摄影师的膜拜之情与日俱增。 我不懂摄影，所以对麦子的摄影水平到底高深到什么程度，不知所以。但麦子带了个广角镜头，又扛了个大白兔，这一路上不管再苦再累走得再慢，也不忘摄影。并且还不厌其烦地来回换镜头。然后对着我们又似乎是对着自己长叹：唉，我的胳膊都酸了。 麦子此行最经典的表现，并不是她的摄影水平。因为在一帮菜鸟的眼里，摄影水平高到一定程度，就那么回事了，概念就已经相当模糊。最多是个”高深莫测“一类的评语。至于高深到什么程度？高深在哪些方面？这已经超越了一帮菜鸟和吃货的理解水平。 但这并不说明麦子同学鹤立驴群不和群众打成一片。 在赤白村，麦子在给相机电池充电时，曾经对着插线板对政委发出了一句惊天地泣鬼神的感慨。对她的那句由衷的感叹，大家集体愣了一秒钟然后立马不约而同地笑翻了天。 麦子真是个单纯善良的山东大妞。谁听了那句话谁知道。 17、松赞干布出生地 3月28日下午6点，墨竹工卡县甲玛乡强巴敏久林，松赞干布出生地。我在打酱油，一旁有个藏族男孩在玩耍。 这位出生在松赞干布故地的普通孩子，不知道他怎么理解父辈们的业绩。或者，在英雄与常人之间，后者的人生，对他来讲才更为轻松，更有意义。 从拉萨到松赞干布出生地，一个多小时的车程。 18、几位年轻而美丽的队友在松赞干布出生地牌楼前合影 说起松赞干布，几乎便能同时想到小时候在教科书上就能学到的文成公主。在教科书上，文成公主是一个深明大义的优秀女性，被世代歌颂。在藏族传说中，文成公主也脱离了一个普通人的形象，成为受万人敬仰的神。 在神的光环与人之常情之间，人性往往被刻意地淡忘。 公元640年，唐太宗李世民感于松赞干布的诚意，答应和亲。但这位历史上开创了贞观之治的贤明君主并不舍得将自己的亲生公主远嫁吐蕃。于是，重任就落在了一个叫李雪雁的宗室之女身上。 在那个时代，这位16岁的宗室之女不可能有别的选择。 公元641年，经过长途跋涉，文成公主终于来到了吐蕃。在当时的自然条件下，这个只有X岁的女孩，是以一种什么样的心态，来迎接一个未卜的未来？那个在皇帝面前诚慌诚恐的江夏王，亲自送自己的女儿远嫁他乡时，真的会山呼万岁谢主龙恩？ 成婚路，也是条不归路。 公元650年，与文成公主共同生活了9年之后，松赞干布去世。文成公主又在吐蕃独自生活了30多年。 那个为了迎娶她而建的布达拉宫，不再是她的居所。 在中国，典型都是“塑造”出来的，主旋律都是“唱响”的。在政治与人性之间，在歌颂与真实之间，后者总是那么无奈与缈小。 19、米拉山口 米拉山口。 米拉山口海拔5013米，是拉萨到林芝的必经之地。山口随风舞动的经幡，总是让人感觉那么灵动。过了米拉山口，就到了林芝地界。在林芝一侧，弯弯曲曲的盘山公路和垂直下降一般，海拔急剧下降。 从拉萨经米拉山口到达林芝，海拔从3500米抬升到5013米，再下降到2900米，这样的行程安排，按说不太科学。不过，飞林芝的机票委实比飞拉萨的贵出不少。其实我个人更喜欢这样的安排，旅行么，如果一成不变，那会失去很多的乐趣和意义。 但如果对自己的高反情况没信心，直飞林芝，当然也可能是个更好的选择。 20、米拉山口的吉祥 已近傍晚，天气也不好。不过我们还是在米拉山口逗留了很长的时间。 21、队友河童在米拉山口 河童要求加入的时候，我们其实已经满员了。 可是，我这人在心情好的时候，心肠总是太软，还是很愿意帮助别人的。而那时候，我正好心情很好。所以，面对她入队的要求，了解了她的户外履历后，我有点犹豫。 河童的个性名只有三个字：铜豌豆。 作为一个文科男，我无法不想到关汉卿。其实这应该是很正常的反应。问是，我又莫名其妙地想起了刘胡兰。 在QQ上交流的时候，河童说话很少，并且非常简短，一个字能说明问的话，你很难期望她说两个字。。我答应她考虑一下。就在第二天，河童就在QQ上问我：到底行不行，说个话！这口气，似乎她是队长，而我才是个队员。 我仍然在犹豫。收下河童，就意味着，还要再招一个人。可不收她呢，她又是那么想去。 于是，河童摆明身份，要求加分。于是，队伍扩编。 河童的体力非常好。更可贵的是，她行进中非常有节奏。她虽然话不多，走得也不算太快。但每次我抬起头来搜寻队友的时候，总是看到她在前头。 河童是个比较单纯的80后，年龄在队内最小，所以，这一路上，我们经常逗着她玩开玩笑。不能不说，河童的脾气非常好。虽然她的性格比较沉静，但学习成绩仍然不可避免地不断提高。于是，我们经常一边大笑，一边倍感欣慰。 体力好，只是河童的一个方面。在关键时刻，河童是一个值得信任的好孩子。行程结束返回八一，我们几个都醉了。结束时河童搀扶着队友向外走的镜头，一直定格在我的脑海里。 她扶起了队友，也担起了作为一名队友对队伍的道义。这是一个不善言谈，但值得信赖的队友。作为活动的召集人，我很感激。 河童，如果有下次，下次我们再一起！ 22、米拉山口的麦子 大白兔就是很沉，麦子视为宝贝的镜头，差点丢在了这里。 23、米拉山口 米拉山口的两头大牦牛，真是威武雄壮！ 24、3月29日，工布江达县前往八一的路上 行程结束返回八一时，在那个宾馆隔壁的饭店里，当我们一边嚼着什么什么鸭一边讨论这次出行时，我就很郑重地宣布过，这次出行，无论是线路来说，还是团队和谐程度来说，都是我这么多年来出行中最精彩的一次。没有之一！ 后来我一直在想，像我这么一个常年呆在办公室，皱着眉头，黑着脸，板着脸，了无风趣的人，怎么带出了这么一支队伍？到底是什么因素，让我们这一路上一次次地说唱逗闹，笑翻了天？ 整理照片看到这一幅时，我终于明白了。我是被他们给带坏了。 这世上，有些事，开始，就注定了结局。。。 25、飒爽的麦子 不戴帽子的麦子，更有那么一股灵动的精气神。 26、大长腿的大长炮 27、吉祥 2011年国庆节，我和大兵、宠物等一起走了丙中洛、碧罗雪山、雨崩。吉祥也是计划中的队友之一。但因事没能去成。 2012的国庆节，我和大兵、宠物等一起走阿里。吉祥也是计划中的队友之一。但因事又没去成。 这次，转加拉，吉祥终于成行了。 我应该打心眼里发自内心深处地好好谢谢吉祥。因为自从有了她，我这个传说中的“鸽子王”，终于可以摘掉这顶帽子了。 鸽子年年有。今年特别多。 第一批队友满员的时候，飞马了解了吉祥的光辉事迹后就曾经对吉祥说：今年你一定要成行哦，不然的话，就把你当鸽子炒了吃！ 道上有句话，叫：与人方便，与己方便。那意思好像是说：别把人逼急了啊，给别人留条后路，其实也在给自己留条后路。 飞马明显地没给自己留后路，因为就在我们出发前没几天，他自己因事退出了。 我估计，当吉祥听到这个消息时，说不定一边表示婉惜，一边在偷偷地笑：应该炒谁呢？ 吉祥的体力非常好。貌似我们俩个刚开始认识，是因为爬哈巴雪山的事情。后来她去了玉珠峰，并且登顶成功。当她站在玉珠峰顶，伸出两个指头，露出那两排大牙，对着相机大笑，现场演示什么叫2的时候（当然，她可能认为别人会理解成是胜利的意思），我还在背着个大包在某一并不知名的线路上徒步。 后来，吉祥又走过了龙眼。这条线路，在我眼里，也是大神级别的。于是，对吉祥的膜拜之情便如雅鲁藏布江般滔滔不绝。 不知道是因为长得苗条，还是体力太好，吉祥走起路来和那微风一样，轻轻地轻轻地就飘过去了。一愣神的功夫，就只有拍她背影的份。 吉祥性格开朗，乐观向上，吃苦耐劳，脾气格外地好。她做的香菇面条，那种香气，至今还在我的舌尖上萦绕。 温婉的吉祥很善解人意。 比如，在我长得黑还是长得成熟这个话上，吉祥和河童就持有鲜明的迥然不同的观点。吉祥一边笑，一边表扬我长得成熟。但河童就不同了。回来的时候和河童聊天谈到蚊子多的问，河童说她手上被咬了几个包，还留下了疤痕。我很奇怪，那我怎么就一口都没被咬呢？河童撇了撇嘴说：你长得太黑了，蚊子看不见你！ 其实我发自内心地感谢并且佩服吉祥。我的不少照片，就是吉祥给我拍的。要知道，把一个又黑又丑的小老头，拍成个师哥，仅有高超的摄影技术是远远不够的，那还需要相当的心理承受能力。 吉祥，五一、端午、国庆节、明年、后年、大后年、大大后年、大大大后年～～你有啥计划啊？一起不？ 28、工布江达县去八一的路上 其实，在路边，只有这么一棵孤零零的桃树。却让我们折腾了20多分钟的时间。 飞出了藩篱的鸟儿，对自由，总是那么惊喜与渴望。 29、大好春光 坐在车里，按捺不住激动。我们干脆要求下车，步行。司机师傅很好，善解人意地把车开到远远的前面等我们。 岂能浪费，这大好春光。 30、藏地民居 ([]
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陈静轩07年我走滇藏线回丽江，在德钦客栈的房间遇一姑娘聊的甚为开心，我们互留电话，地址。原来她是雨崩的支教老师刘一村，湖南师范大学毕业便申请来到了雨崩村，因为怕父母担心，始终没有告诉他们自己在哪里工作，只是每个月出去在西当村打一个电话给父母报平安。但说实在的，当时我对支教还没一个明确的概念。 08年，我在丽江上班，一村放寒假来看我。多日不见，自是分外高兴。临走，再三邀请我有空去雨崩做客，到时管吃管住。雨崩，离梅里雪山最近的一个村庄，但当时因为有事一直未能成行。 09年底我重回丽江，想着有空去看看一村，快两年没见了，不知她过的怎样？可是打电话，手机停机，坐机也不通。这丫头怎么了，不会出啥事了吧！难道不在雨崩，不可能啊！怀着忐忑不安的心情，还是出发了。 香格里拉，德钦，西当一路过来。到西当是下午五点多，原本想直接徒步进雨崩，但司机说太晚了，不安全，无奈在西当住一晚。要见梅里雪山，还真的不容易！~~ 住阿布家的绒客栈，2层是客房，有几个2人间和一个4人间，每床20。院子一角是洗漱和淋浴的地方，太阳能热水器，晴天水温还很热，但阴雨季节就热不起来了。房间没有电热毯，床单被罩一人一换，内有电源接线板，进雨崩之前可以把各种电器充好电。手机在这有信号。 一般进雨崩的司机都住在这里，因为进山2天，所以司机和车辆在此地休息。这也方便了自由行的散客可以租车往返于西当和飞来寺、德钦了。进山时阿布还介绍，若是出山时想租车，可电话提前约定，从西当温泉到飞来寺每车120元，若赶时间也可以从西当直接送到丽江，每车550元。（价格会根据天气以及车型等情况上下浮动） 很多家都挂红旗，晚上聊天得知，普通藏民还是很感谢***的，他们说去年拉萨闹事时，德钦仅仅去了几个喇嘛。只有喇嘛和贵族想恢到过去的政教合一的那种旧制度，广大藏民是不愿意的。 从阿布家包车60元到达西当温泉，若步行大概需要2－3个小时。然后正式开始徒步，一路景色还是很不错的。 从西藏那曲来梅里朝圣的一家五口，爷爷奶奶，爸爸妈妈带着五岁的小女孩。很难想象他们这一路的风餐露宿。我把随身带的乳酸菌饮料给了小女孩，很多游客也纷纷把吃的东西拿出来。 阳光下还是相当的温暖，走不久就觉得好热，干脆拖下外套。一路遇到好多从雨崩出来的驴友，徒步的，骑骡子的（马与驴的杂交种，据说耐力比较好，适合走山路）。 看到一大片经幡，我想垭口应该到了。沿着经幡继续走了几百米，终于到达本次徒步的最高点，据说是海拔3,900米的那宗垭口，垭口方圆百米范围内都是密密麻麻的经幡。接下来都是下坡路了，应该会比较好走些。 最悬的是，据同行的北京大姐说，她看到有位藏族老人在挂经幡，就上前拍了张照。结果一看，屏幕上竟什么也没有显示。天哪，不会是因此冒犯了神山，挂经幡时不能拍照，好象没这个忌讳吧！她赶紧向神山祈祷，我则安慰她，没事的，不知者无罪。 神秘的梅里。。。 垭口有个休息站，一般雨崩和西当的骡子在这交接，若两边都有上下山的客人，那么两边都在此进行交接，费用付给上山的马夫就行了。租马时，大家都希望租到垭口，否则若对方村子那边没客人，有时还要再空返一趟。旺季时，西当村70户人家大约170匹骡马每天都要跑至少3个来回，骡子非常疲惫，累到极点的骡子即使用鞭抽也不走动。但好像村里有规定只要有需求就必须出马。 垭口的阳光非常的灿烂，坐在那里边晒太阳，边看着前方的雪山，真是一大享受。 神女峰，又叫缅茨姆峰，意为大海神女，位于卡瓦格博峰南侧。传说是卡瓦格博的妻子。卡瓦格博随格萨尔王远征恶罗海国，恶罗海国想蒙蔽他们，将面茨姆假意许配给卡瓦格博，不料卡瓦格博与面茨姆互相倾心，永不分离。 缅茨姆，线条优美，气质若兰。给人一种无以言说的美感，一种震憾心霏的灵气。右边是五冠峰 不过照片角度不太好 终于看到了下雨崩，就这么稀稀疏疏十来户人家，感觉很安静。这就是传说中的世外桃源？不去天堂，就去雨崩？ 32# kkk8926897 我是12月10号出来的，前几天确实下雪了，还下的不小。一直在想，要怎样写这篇游记，要怎样描述一村，对我来说是个不小的挑战。所以回来后几个月里，我都迟迟一直没有动笔。最终决定还是写这篇游记，反映一个真实的支教老师。穿过村口的检票的房子，直奔学校。据说学校就是那座蓝色屋顶的房子，看上去很不错。长发披肩，手里拿着个脸盆，一个姑娘从门里面出来。我拉下面罩，“一村”。她一看，“姐，你怎么来了。”进去后，生火烧水，多日不见，当然有很多话要说。。。 这位小朋友今年3岁，是一村刚来雨崩那年生的。现在还没正式开始上学，但是普通话说的非常好。他平时没事喜欢到学校来玩，也特别喜欢跟一村在一起。闲时大家会逗他，“你是谁的宝宝呀？”“老师宝宝。”他回答的可快了。 云南政府的规定是只负责完小的费用，雨崩这样的学校因为学生少而不投入任何资金和资助。所以学校的课桌凳子都是就地取材做的，其他书本，文具等所有一切设施是游人捐赠的。 这是我在网上看到的，是一村前面一任志愿者发的帖子： 到雨崩支教一年 完全义务 你愿意吗？ 多大的能力承受多大的责任——写在招募义教之前的话 “能力越大，责任越大。” 这是我在云南当了半年义教才能体悟到的。我选择去当义教，是为了一个青春的梦想，从小受过的教育告诉我：“助人为乐之本”，我喜欢那种真正帮助他人后所产生的精神愉悦和自我满足感，我一直相信这个世界真实地存在着无私的爱，人与人之间需要关怀，当然我很喜欢孩子，喜欢简单的生活。 但在支教的半年中我很困惑，我能做什么，我帮到了什么，我改变了什么？当初我满怀激情，带着都市人的优越感进驻那个几乎与世隔绝的藏族区，我给自己定下目：要做一只改变一群狼的羊，而不是一只被狼改变的羊。落后的山区，大半文盲的村民，重寺庙轻学校，急功近利发展旅游，拔刀子解决纠纷，在我眼里，他们确实是一群需要改变的狼。 可是当我一次次教不好学生，无法考出满意的分数；当游客捐赠的文具免费派发，反而让学生无知地浪费；当我想带一年级学生出来考试，遭到家长的联手反对；当我提出由村民出资请一个专业的老师，得不到任何回应。我开始反省：流动的义教对孩子的意义有多大，我们的善心是否反而使接受者产生依赖或堕落。 我带着这种困惑，没能实现目的自责出山，没有留下来继续支教。重返繁华的都市，我的困惑犹在，我能做什么，我能帮到什么，我改变了什么？很多朋友认为这是教育体制的问，应该由政府来解决，依靠个人的力量根本是杯水车薪。甚至认为我与其浪费半年的时间在那里，不如拿一笔钱来捐助给学校。是的，是的，中国的教育制度确实需要完善，找老师应该是政府的事，捐助学校应该是富豪们做的慈善事业，但在抱怨政府和制度的同时，你做了什么，在你的能力范围内？ 我没有能力去改变一个国家的教育制度，但我有能力花上半年时间去当一个完全义务的老师，以弥补落后山区师资的不足；我也没有足够的钱捐一所希望小学，但我以一个老师的威信，让学生在接受馈赠时，既懂得感恩，又懂得自尊自强；我没有能力让学生考出高分，但我倾注了所有的耐心教他们各种知识和人生道理；我没有能力改变孩子们的命运，但为他们打开一扇通往外界的窗子，鼓舞他们走出大山，用自己的双手改变贫穷的命运；我没有能力改变村民依赖外界捐助的懒惰心理，但我决不因此放弃助人的信念。 “有多大的能力承受多大的责任”，当我不再把义教当成一剂救世的良药，不再认为自己可以改变别人命运时，我不再困惑，因为在我的能力范围内，只能做到这些，而我很负责地做到了这些。接下去，我能做的是为学生找到一位有能力，有责任心，有爱心的老师，延续这根爱心接力棒。 一年之内没有任何报酬，没有任何政府组织的支持，除了食宿，所有费用自己承担；不带任何功利目的，只是一种责任，一种爱心，去帮助一群落后地区的学生，你有能力吗，你愿意吗，如果你有能力，你也愿意，请告诉我。 招募云南雨崩义教要求 地处云南省西北地区的迪庆州德钦县云岭乡西当村雨崩公社，为藏族区，坐落于梅里雪山腹地的山谷中，这里四面绕山，不通公路，出入雨崩必须徒步或者骑马翻越海拔三四千米的大山，行程为五六小时。目前雨崩不通电，没有手机信号，不能上网，但每家都有卫星电话，可以接收外界来电，打长途比较贵，4元/分钟。每家每户买了发电机，水利发电，灯光不亮，但可以看电视，用电脑。村里的条件比较简陋，但景色很好，经常有游客徒步进山。雨崩村共有34户人家，150多名村民，雨崩小学为村小，行政上隶属于西当村完小，雨崩学生到西当完小就读须寄宿，低龄学童无法寄宿，先在雨崩小学读到三年级再转入完小。雨崩小学设有一到三年级，隔年招生，每年大概有十几个学生。 考虑到老师流动性太大，对学生的教学不利，这次招募义教任期为一年，对于义教有一些基本要求：首先要有耐心和爱心，因雨崩学生从小讲藏语，相对于城里的小孩，他们学习汉语犹如学外语，学习基础薄弱，老师的教学任务很重，需要有极大的耐心和爱心反复教导。 雨崩条件很简陋，义教又没有薪水，所以不考虑没有经济基础的应届毕业生或在读大学生，需要有教学工作经验，或所学专业为师范类的，年龄在26岁以上，35岁以下，本科以上学历，未婚人士，男女不限。 要有责任心，雨崩的义教属民间自发，没有政府资助，也没有太多的合同约束，但是既然选择了去当义教，一定要做好充分的心理准备和其他准备，面对各种挑战，不能中途而废。 最后请报名者谨慎考虑的是，请一定要在你的能力范围内去做，一年内没有任何经济收入，你是否有这样的经济条件承受？你的家人是否同意？在偏僻的山区，除了要应对落后的自然条件，还有无人沟通甚至不为人所理解的苦闷，你是否有足够的心理能力承受？ 如果你慎重考虑过，有足够的能力，有足够的爱心和责任心，请发一份个人简历，并附上你对义教的看法（字数不限，仅供参考）到：XXX 欢迎有意向的朋友发邮件咨询。 趁一村上课那阵子，我去客栈看望一起徒步进来的朋友。他们就住在雨崩往事，学校旁边的一个客栈。 凭心而论，雨崩真的很美。特别是和朋友一起坐在客栈的阳台上烤太阳，看着对面的梅里雪山，那份惬意。世外桃源，从某种意义上来说也就意味着与世隔绝。对游客来说，这里真的很适合度假，可以暂时抛开世俗的一切。但长住就另当别论了。 远处是雪山，但阳光下一点都不冷。 和雨崩往事的老板及北京大姐合影（小冯帮我拍的）我特别喜欢这张的笑容，很灿烂。 晚上在雨崩往事一起吃饭，一村不愿意来，我把她拉过来。来雨崩的客人太多了，出出进进诱惑太大，很多人请她吃饭，她都不愿意去，在这个封闭的环境，她已经习惯把自己层层包裹起来，也不愿对人多说自己。 听说一村来雨崩第一年只吃过一次肉，还是游客请的。所以小冯特意叫了只土鸡，（150一只）热情的替一村装了一碗又一碗。后来才知道，这里的鸡都是从几十公里外的尼农运过来的。 晚上，我们打着电筒回学校，村子里没有路灯。 这就是学校的宿舍，也就是我住的房间，看上去还不错，却是个豆腐渣工程。之前一直漏水，后面上面加了个蓝色铁皮，但有时还会掉一些小石头土块之类的。晚上听着外面牦牛（这里牦牛都是放养的，没有牛棚）脖子上的铃铛响了一夜，仿佛天籁之音，再看着窗外满天明亮的星星，感觉太棒了！ 当时没拍照，只能发张一村拍的照片 早上不到8点，就有学生在外面敲门，一村下去开门。然后是朗朗的读书声，小朋友一个个都很自觉的拿出书来。一村开始生火，烧水。二年纪开始，学生吃住都在学校，她一人不仅负责所有学生的所有课程，还要解决孩子很多方面的问，如语言、卫生、生活习惯等等，给孩子们做饭，照顾起居，与学生们同吃同住。学生都是免费上学，她没有工资。吃的是每周学生从家里背来的青稞土豆，烧得是捡来的树枝。 她差不多一个月去一次德钦县收信、取募捐、购买蔬菜肉类，药品，生活用品等等，以改善学生们的生活和伙食。一般早上9点左右开始做操，学生们都很乖，还有很多村里的人在旁边看。我有时也会跟着一起做。后面穿藏服的是一村老师，旁边是客人小冯 高压锅蒸的米饭，菜是藏区最常见的土豆。一村说这是她自己种的，因为围着的栏杆被猪拱了，吃了不少，现在只剩一小口袋了。还有一些是学生带来的，放久了，都有些焉掉或烂了，一直舍不得扔掉放在那里。荤菜就是腌过的猪肉或是火腿肠，也是客人留给她的。这里要吃新鲜肉不容易，村里一般只有过年才杀猪，平时就只能吃腊肉之类。配上酥油茶，大家吃的还是很香 饭后我们一起去村子旁边的树林散步，抛开物质上的种种缺乏，雨崩真的很美 在一村的再三要求下，村里人终于每家每户主动把柴火堆到学校门口，之前都是一村带者孩子们一起拣柴 说实在，在雨崩那些日子，我最大的感受就是心疼，甚至有些心酸。三年，不是三天，三个月，是个什么概念。从物质的缺乏到精神上也没有朋友可以交流，还要面对来自外界的不理解，需要一种怎样的信念才能支撑下去。交通不便，手机没信号，没有电视，不能上网，没有商场，没有很多东西，我只是个俗人，我真的做不到！ 日本一档关于雨崩的旅游节目，曾经介绍过小刘老师义务支教的事迹，韩国媒体也曾做了报道。但国内媒体似乎比较麻木，也许是义务支教的事情在其它地方也较多，但这种奉献社会的精神值得政府或社团关注。 无法去抱怨村里不重视教育或是国内的教育体系，其实是抱怨也没用，在自己力所能及的范围内做些事情，譬如捐助等等。希望各位朋友若有机会去雨崩，适当的献份爱心吧，一村老师这种奉献精神值得社会关注，值得颂扬、支持。 如有意寄东西过去，请寄至：云南省迪庆州德钦县邮政局22号信箱雨崩小学 刘一村收 邮编：674500目前仅邮政的网络能寄达，其他的物流公司都不通的。 每天中午和傍晚，我和一村都会来这转转，特别喜欢坐在那晒太阳，发呆，什么都不用想，时间似乎停住了一般。 早上一早就起床了，为了陪我，一村决定今天带着学生去神瀑，算是郊游吧！昨晚就把今天的干粮做好了，一大包土豆丝包子。我这两天就象被供起来了，一村啥都不让我干，弄的我很不好意思。昨天终于把火生起来了，高兴了半天，回头一看，脸上黑乎乎的全是锅灰，呵呵！这就是学校的小型水利发电机，冬天由于水量不足，导致电压不稳，灯老是忽明忽暗的。至于是什么原理，我看了半天，没看出个所以然上，下雨崩之间走路大约40分钟，从上雨崩过去很多是下坡路。 一村把掉下来的东西挂上去 我喜欢这片树林，感觉很适合拍婚纱或是写真。不久的将来，呵呵，希望有机会再来。中午在雨崩第一家客栈休息，吃包子，小朋友一人一个，大人一人两个。烤火，喝酥油茶，沾了一村的光，当然是免费的。好心的大婶怕我们不够吃，又拿了两个油煎粑粑给一村。 巴桑拉姆的小木屋，离神瀑最近，比较简陋的一个。但现在是淡季，没有开门。夏天，一村最喜欢来这里露营了，到处是盛开的花儿，看着满天的繁星。现在太冷了。前方，五冠峰的背后就是神瀑，不过我看了半天没看到。听说这段时间神瀑那边不时有冰雹掉下来，出于安全考虑，肯定不能带学生去了。所以一村决定下午给学生放假，全部回家洗澡换衣服去。有点奇怪的理由，却是事实。她跟着去家访，由管理站站长带我继续往神瀑方向走。([]
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刘怡发Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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李宗芸2011年的6月6日，正值传统的端午节，友人的西部助学计划让我又一次走进西部。徐州—武威，这条铁路线已经走了N次，从06年暑假起，我就与西部结了缘，而这次的西行其意义不同于以往的旅行，当再次踏上西去的列车时，我的心有些不平静，列车一直往西，人在车上，而心已远去。。。 5月，接到影友文心电话，说有个企业家想到西部助学，问我是否能帮忙联系一个地方。听到此消息后我非常高兴，几年的西部行走让我对西部的生存状况与教育状况有了大概的了解，生存环境的恶劣及生活的贫困，使得西部的孩子们在教育上有很大的缺失，有企业家愿意为西部的教育投资，这是件天大的好事，友人又是个教育专家，教育家与企业家在教育上携手，堪称天作之合。我二话不说，当即答应友人帮他联系地点，作为一个在教育行业就职的旅者，这件事责无旁贷。遂按照企业家的要求帮忙联系助学地点，最终初步定在甘肃天祝藏族自治县。于是，在一个六六大顺的日子里，为了一个共同的目和心愿，启程前往天祝。 二十四小时的长途旅行，我们一行4人于6月7日下午230到达了武威。天祝县副县长与教育局得知此消息后，非常高兴，亲自到车站迎接，原计划下车后租车直达考察学校的计划彻底给打乱了，这份盛情让我们一行四人颇感意外，同时又非常感动，八字还没一撇，则受到如此接待，我们何以担当啊。 既然县上已经安排，恭敬不如从命，遂坐上副县长的车驱车直奔考察学校。 甘肃我曾经多次路过，去年十一长假期间，我和朋友也曾专程去张掖看丹霞。虽然甘肃是个严重缺水的省份，但那里的地貌却让这个干旱的省份有着非常壮美的风景。 天祝藏族自治县位于甘肃省武威市东南部。境内兰新铁路、312国道纵贯南北。山脉与交通线交汇的乌鞘岭是地扼东西的通道，势控河西的咽喉，地势险要，素有“河西走廊门户”之称。 全县辖域面积7149平方公里，居住着藏、土、汉等16个民族，共22.14万人。境内群山环抱，峰峦叠嶂，有郁郁葱葱的苍茫林海，终年积雪的雪山大川和碧草如茵的广阔草原及大小10多条河流。海拔最高4874米，最低2050米，属大陆性高原气候，空气清新，环境优美，素有“高原金盆”之称。 虽然我走过我国的五大藏区，甘肃甘南藏区之前我走过二次，而这个天祝藏区我还是第一次来过。 原以为这里只有黄沙与山丘，没想到车到深山，眼前居然出现了这么一大片碧绿的湖水，这让我很兴奋，随即要求师傅停车，下车拍照。 这是天祝县的一个人工水库，由于这里严重缺水，天祝县及周边县则利用地势修建了一些这样的蓄水库，当地民众也就靠着这些水库维持生存。 从水库的蓄水量上看，今年是个严重干旱年，水库的水位明显在降低。 边缘许多地方早已干涸，可以看出这点蓄水量远远满足不了当地民众的用水需求，非常明显，缺水是当地农业发展的最大“瓶颈”。 也正是因为了解这个情况，所以当看到这个水库时我才异常兴奋的让师傅停了车，水是生命之源，有了水，才能有发展的可能，而西部贫困的主要原因是因为环境的影响所造成的。 沿着进山的路，车行两个多小时后，我们到达了要考察的学校——天祝旦马乡初级中学。 学校提前得知了消息，车到了学校门口，校长和老师们全部来到校门口迎接，县长按照藏族的礼仪亲自给我们献上了哈达，而且是上面绘着藏地佛教八宝图的黄色哈达。一般情况下给客人献上的是白色哈达，而这种黄色的带有佛教八宝图的哈达只在寺庙里用，当县长把这条哈达搭在我的胸前时，我感动的不知说什么才好，因为我知道这条哈达的含义与“分量”。一个普通的旅者，何德何能，能接受这样的哈达。 走进校门后，友人、企业家及杨树林助学创办者就由县长、教育局分管资助的主任及学校校长等陪同参观校舍。而我则“自作主张”的在校园里用相机进行“走访”。作为一个旅者、一个影者，用相机记录行走中的所见、所闻、所感、所悟是我的行摄“目”。能有机会走进这边远藏区的学校，对我来说是个非常难得的机会，我要利用每个机会记录下每个地方带给我的所见所闻。 旦马学校位于一个四面环山的小小盆地里，四面都被山所包围，只有一条出山的路通往武威和天祝县城。学校的校舍大多数是平房，而且有新有旧，由此看出，这所学校的建设也是在不断的发展之中。虽然学校处在深山里，还是建设了高大的教学楼。在西部山区，一看到红砖房、楼房和飘扬的五星红旗，多半就是学校了，校舍建设在西部山区还是比较重视的。从校园及校舍上看，旦马学校还是比较有规模的一个学校。 学校的“基础硬件”设施在西部算是很不错的。旦马学校校园给我印象最深的是教学楼上那十个大字：人人能发展，个个有希望。孩子就如小小树苗，个个都是可塑之才，成才与否不在于孩子，而在于教育。教育工作者能有此理念，孩子们就有希望了。 由于这里是牧区，山里的牧民住的十分分散，孩子们读书都离家比较远，没法走读，有的孩子周末回家需要走三个小时的山路才能到家，因此基本上孩子从读小学起就住校，因此，这里的小学也有宿舍。一般情况下，条件较差的学校两个孩子一张床，有的学校三个孩子一张床。正是由于在这样的状况下读书，孩子们的自理能力都很强，日常生活基本全由自己打理，当然，在山里学校做老师的，在教学的同时还要照管孩子们的日常起居，既是老师，又是家长，这就是西部山区学校的“特点”。 这些是小学二年级的孩子们，旦马学校原本小学和初中是分开的，由于小学校舍建在山脚下，近来山体出现了滑坡，校舍成了危房，学校紧急决定将小学的孩子们集中到了中学的教学楼里，宿舍不够，便将孩子们的教室与宿舍合二为一，于是，孩子们学习和生活的场所便集中在了这里。从床上的铺盖看，这间房里的孩子是每一张双层床上住6个孩子。虽然条件不太好，可孩子们能在这里安心读书，他们还是非常非常的高兴。 即使这样，学校的宿舍还是不够用，学校便临时将学生餐厅腾出来做了宿舍，不管用什么办法，总要解决孩子们的生活问。细心的驴友们可以注意到，就是这样，这间房里也是4个孩子睡一张双层床。 这是学校的食堂，阿姨正在为孩子们准备晚餐。厨房一角，从这里可以看出，尽管处在山区，学校食堂的卫生状况还是不错的。 食堂的用具基本都是不锈钢的，食堂里有两个师傅在工作，一个在切菜，一个在用机器压面。原以为藏地的学校不太注意卫生，从这里看，卫生状况还真的不算差，这点让人感到欣慰。看过食堂，我又回到了教学楼，想看看孩子们的教室和学习环境。从教室内的环境看，学校的校舍是新建的教学楼，而桌凳还是用的以前的，说明这个教学楼新建不久。 中小学的紧急合并让这所学校的教室也陡然紧张起来，教师们便将办公室腾出来给孩子们做了教室，虽然有点挤，但至少能保证让孩子们正常上课了。 看到孩子们能在这样的教室里上课，作为一个曾经生长在乡下的我，心里真的挺高兴的，比我当年读书的学校条件要好多了，当然这之间有了40多年的时间差。([]
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